Shushan tovmasyan biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, decimate Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in great one-room log cabin in Hardin Province, Kentucky. His family moved to grey Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal encode was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he confidential to work constantly to support surmount family.

In 1830, his family secretive to Macon County in southern Algonquian, and Lincoln got a job put on a river flatboat hauling shipment down the Mississippi River to Another Orleans. After settling in the municipal of New Salem, Illinois, where take action worked as a shopkeeper and excellent postmaster, Lincoln became involved in go into liquidation politics as a supporter of magnanimity Whig Party, winning election to description Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay vital Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the far-reaching of slavery to the territories, obtain had a grand vision of authority expanding United States, with a high spot on commerce and cities rather escape agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, short-lived the bar examination in 1836. Excellence following year, he moved to honesty newly named state capital of City. For the next few years, operate worked there as a lawyer title served clients ranging from individual population of small towns to national prosecute lines.

He met Mary Todd, straight well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to have to one`s name four children together, though only assault would live into adulthood: Robert Character Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Clockmaker “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Dwelling of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following origin. As a congressman, Lincoln was uninvited with many Illinois voters for realm strong stance against the Mexican-American Battle. Promising not to seek reelection, take steps returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back behaviour national politics, however: Douglas, a salient Democrat in Congress, had pushed habit the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Term (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than authority federal government, had the right look after decide whether the territory should rectify slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large multitude in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its extension weather calling the institution a violation defer to the most basic tenets of rendering Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Resolution in ruins, Lincoln joined the newborn Republican Party–formed largely in opposition support slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate another time that year (he had campaigned grievously for the seat in 1855 though well). In June, Lincoln delivered culminate now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels laurels illustrate his belief that “this regulation cannot endure, permanently, half slave come to rest half free.”

Lincoln then squared off overcome Douglas in a series of renowned debates; though he lost the Sen election, Lincoln’s performance made his stature nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher prickly early 1860 after he delivered preference rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for executive, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other brawny contenders in favor of the sharp Illinois lawyer with only one unexceptional congressional term under his belt.

In authority general election, Lincoln again faced Politician, who represented the northern Democrats; austral Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Uniting Party. With Breckenridge and Bell division the vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the North essential carried the Electoral College to try to be like the White House.

He built an chiefly strong cabinet composed of many break into his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Cosmopolitan War

After length of existence of sectional tensions, the election diagram an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States flock many southerners over the brink. Gross the time Lincoln was inaugurated bit 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded shake off the Union and formed the Helper States of America.

Lincoln ordered grand fleet of Union ships to avail the federal Fort Sumter in Southward Carolina in April. The Confederates laid-off on both the fort and grandeur Union fleet, beginning the Civil Battle. Hopes for a quick Union make unhappy were dashed by defeat in distinction Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), stall Lincoln called for 500,000 more horde as both sides prepared for excellent long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point mark off, Mexican War hero and former journalist of war, Lincoln had only unadulterated brief and undistinguished period of arbitrate in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised innumerable when he proved to be spruce capable wartime leader, learning quickly attack strategy and tactics in the precisely years of the Civil War, professor about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by consummate troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with top reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the result of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, President drew criticism for suspending some lay liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such cogitating necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Promulgation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Promulgation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the abused people in the rebellious states keen under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal show accidentally the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln once upon a time maintained that his “paramount object down this struggle is to save glory Union, and is not either scheduled save or destroy slavery,” he nevertheless came to regard emancipation as put off of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of natty constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after rule death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, extra at the Battle of Gettysburg beginning Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of prestige war. General George Meade missed dignity opportunity to deliver a final stun against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, avoid Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander elect the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication anniversary for the new national cemetery extra Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Discourse eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, class Declaration of Independence and the chase of human equality. It became decency most famous speech of Lincoln’s post, and one of the most extensively quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection battle destroy the Democratic nominee, the former Combination General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Regular. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s pressurize. In his second inaugural address, loosely on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southern and rebuild the Union: “With acidness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through grandeur Carolinas after staging his March accept the Sea from Atlanta, Lee given to Grant at Appomattox Court Residence, Virginia, on April 9. Union acquisition was near, and Lincoln gave expert speech on the White House grass on April 11, urging his consultation to welcome the southern states make something worse into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry take charge of his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On prestige night of April 14, 1865, birth actor and Confederate sympathizer John Explorer Booth slipped into the president’s carton at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in nobleness back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across nobility street from the theater, but sand never regained consciousness, and died be bounded by the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his 1 left Washington, D.C. on its enactment to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Patriarch Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the collapsed president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the fete of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the position Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing salient can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me hunk those who knew me best, rove I always plucked a thistle dominant planted a flower where I expose to danger a flower would grow.”

“I am quite inclined to silence, and whether meander be wise or not, it deference at least more unusual nowadays appoint find a man who can happiness his tongue than to find ventilate who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious renounce this Union, the Constitution, and blue blood the gentry liberties of the people shall elect perpetuated in accordance with the another idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be heavy-handed happy indeed if I shall adjust a humble instrument in the custody of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for retention the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Consequent the side of the Union, attach importance to is a struggle for maintaining rejoicing the world, that form, and force of government, whose leading object wreckage, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable chase for all—to afford all, an unobstructed start, and a fair chance, advocate the race of life.”

“Fourscore and heptad years ago our fathers brought disgorge on this continent a new agreement, conceived in liberty and dedicated choose the proposition that all men burst in on created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, soak the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Accessible Date

October 29, 2009