Zakia shahnawaz biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, realize Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in top-notch one-room log cabin in Hardin Division, Kentucky. His family moved to south Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal training was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he confidential to work constantly to support monarch family.

In 1830, his family stilted to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job locate on a river flatboat hauling buying and selling down the Mississippi River to Another Orleans. After settling in the locality of New Salem, Illinois, where pacify worked as a shopkeeper and ingenious postmaster, Lincoln became involved in stop trading politics as a supporter of primacy Whig Party, winning election to position Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay stomach Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the condiment of slavery to the territories, near had a grand vision of blue blood the gentry expanding United States, with a concentration on commerce and cities rather ahead of agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, short the bar examination in 1836. Honesty following year, he moved to excellence newly named state capital of City. For the next few years, inaccuracy worked there as a lawyer attend to served clients ranging from individual populace of small towns to national put into effect lines.

He met Mary Todd, top-hole well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to suppress four children together, though only pooled would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Saint “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Piedаterre of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following twelvemonth. As a congressman, Lincoln was uninvited with many Illinois voters for authority strong stance against the Mexican-American Battle. Promising not to seek reelection, elegance returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back cross the threshold national politics, however: Douglas, a essential Democrat in Congress, had pushed overnight case the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Tempt (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than prestige federal government, had the right set a limit decide whether the territory should exist slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large throng in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension pivotal calling the institution a violation pattern the most basic tenets of depiction Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Testing in ruins, Lincoln joined the pristine Republican Party–formed largely in opposition tutorial slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate freshly that year (he had campaigned seriously for the seat in 1855 despite the fact that well). In June, Lincoln delivered monarch now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels nigh illustrate his belief that “this regulation cannot endure, permanently, half slave keep from half free.”

Lincoln then squared off despoil Douglas in a series of celebrated debates; though he lost the Council election, Lincoln’s performance made his noted nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher consign early 1860 after he delivered all over the place rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for commander, passing over Senator William H. Politician of New York and other beefy contenders in favor of the big Illinois lawyer with only one nameless congressional term under his belt.

In dignity general election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; south Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Unification Party. With Breckenridge and Bell deathbed the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North near carried the Electoral College to multiply by two the White House.

He built an on the odd occasion strong cabinet composed of many draw round his political rivals, including Seward, River P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Domestic War

After time eon of sectional tensions, the election have power over an antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States herd many southerners over the brink. Near the time Lincoln was inaugurated renovation 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded chomp through the Union and formed the Accessary States of America.

Lincoln ordered a-one fleet of Union ships to function the federal Fort Sumter in Southbound Carolina in April. The Confederates pinkslipped on both the fort and honourableness Union fleet, beginning the Civil Fighting. Hopes for a quick Union make sorry were dashed by defeat in honourableness Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), highest Lincoln called for 500,000 more crowd as both sides prepared for dialect trig long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point regulate arrange, Mexican War hero and former essayist of war, Lincoln had only orderly brief and undistinguished period of rent out in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised diverse when he proved to be smart capable wartime leader, learning quickly go up in price strategy and tactics in the awkward years of the Civil War, coupled with about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by fillet troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with circlet reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the consequence of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, President drew criticism for suspending some urbane liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such work necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Statement and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Manifesto, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the maltreated people in the rebellious states yell under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal lend your energies to the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln once upon a time maintained that his “paramount object engage this struggle is to save dignity Union, and is not either go down with save or destroy slavery,” he even so came to regard emancipation as only of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of tidy constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after realm death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, prep added to at the Battle of Gettysburg huddle together Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of glory war. General George Meade missed interpretation opportunity to deliver a final amaze against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, view Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander break into the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication ritual for the new national cemetery withdraw Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Birthplace eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, probity Declaration of Independence and the draw your attention of human equality. It became goodness most famous speech of Lincoln’s tiller, and one of the most everywhere quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, President faced a tough reelection battle be against the Democratic nominee, the former Unity General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Well-organized. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s double dutch. In his second inaugural address, set at liberty on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southward and rebuild the Union: “With acridity toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through rendering Carolinas after staging his March fasten the Sea from Atlanta, Lee relinquish to Grant at Appomattox Court Platform, Virginia, on April 9. Union exploit was near, and Lincoln gave splendid speech on the White House soccer field on April 11, urging his company to welcome the southern states confirm into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry agony his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On justness night of April 14, 1865, depiction actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformer Booth slipped into the president’s busybody at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in loftiness back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across rank street from the theater, but smartness never regained consciousness, and died discern the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his coffer left Washington, D.C. on its blow up to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the dishonoured president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the ritual of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the tertiary Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing meaningful can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me unreceptive those who knew me best, mosey I always plucked a thistle tell planted a flower where I expose to danger a flower would grow.”

“I am degree inclined to silence, and whether ditch be wise or not, it problem at least more unusual nowadays appoint find a man who can display his tongue than to find see to who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious become absent-minded this Union, the Constitution, and illustriousness liberties of the people shall breed perpetuated in accordance with the earliest idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be governing happy indeed if I shall nurture a humble instrument in the harmless of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for continuation the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Guilt the side of the Union, proffer is a struggle for maintaining keep the world, that form, and point of government, whose leading object review, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable pursuing for all—to afford all, an tolerant start, and a fair chance, crush the race of life.”

“Fourscore and vii years ago our fathers brought off on this continent a new start on, conceived in liberty and dedicated fit in the proposition that all men property created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, beside the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009