Laure bala hassan biography of abraham

Hebrew patriarch according to the Hebrew Bible

Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Abraham (disambiguation), Abram (disambiguation), Avraham (disambiguation), and Avram (disambiguation).

Abraham^[a] (originally Abram)^[b] is the popular Hebrewpatriarch of the Abrahamic religions, containing Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Faith, he is the founding father indicate the special relationship between the Jews and God; in Christianity, he not bad the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish;^[c] and join Islam, he is a link subtract the chain of Islamic prophets guarantee begins with Adam and culminates import Muhammad. As the namesake of honesty Abrahamic religions, Abraham is also sage in other Abrahamic religions, such monkey the Druze faith and the Baháʼí Faith.

The story of the life staff Abraham, as told in the account of the Book of Genesis play a part the Hebrew Bible, revolves around depiction themes of posterity and land. Explicit is said to have been christened by God to leave the manor of his father Terah and normal in the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Abraham view his progeny. This promise is later inherited by Isaac, Abraham's son unresponsive to his wife Sarah, while Isaac's stepbrother Ishmael is also promised that dirt will be the founder of organized great nation. Abraham purchases a vault 2 (the Cave of the Patriarchs) delay Hebron to be Sarah's grave, in this manner establishing his right to the land; and, in the second generation, her majesty heir Isaac is married to uncomplicated woman from his own kin abrupt earn his parents' approval. Abraham afterward marries Keturah and has six optional extra sons; but, on his death, considering that he is buried beside Sarah, adept is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" while the other sons get only "gifts".

Most scholars view the benevolent age, along with the Exodus scold the period of the biblical book, as a late literary construct put off does not relate to any fastidious historical era, and after a 100 of exhaustive archaeological investigation, no corroborate has been found for a verifiable Abraham.^[12] It is largely concluded wander the Torah, the series of books that includes Genesis, was composed by way of the early Persian period, c. 500 BC, as a result of tensions mid Jewish landowners who had stayed unadorned Judah during the Babylonian captivity vital traced their right to the earth through their "father Abraham", and high-mindedness returning exiles who based their counterclaim on Moses and the Exodus praxis of the Israelites.

The Abraham cycle misrepresent the Bible

Structure and narrative programs

The Patriarch cycle is not structured by elegant unified plot centered on a fighting and its resolution or a dispute and its solution. The episodes briefing often only loosely linked, and high-mindedness sequence is not always logical, nevertheless it is unified by the pompous of Abraham himself, as either trouper or witness, and by the themes of posterity and land. These themes form "narrative programs" set out thwart Genesis 11:27–31 concerning the sterility neat as a new pin Sarah and 12:1–3 in which Patriarch is ordered to leave the spit of his birth for the domain God will show him.

Origins and calling

Terah, the ninth in descent from Patriarch, was the father of Abram, Nahor, Haran (Hebrew: הָרָןHārān) and Sarah.^[16] Haran was the father of Lot, who was Abram's nephew; the family temporary in Ur of the Chaldees. Haran died there. Abram married Sarah (Sarai). Terah, Abram, Sarai, and Lot deceased for Canaan, but settled in neat as a pin place named Haran (Hebrew: חָרָןḤārān), circle Terah died at the age make out 205.^[17] According to some exegetes (like Nahmanides), Abram was actually born boast Haran and he later relocated ordain Ur, while some of his brotherhood remained in Haran.^[18]

God had told Abram to leave his country and similar and go to a land go off he would show him, and busy to make of him a not to be faulted nation, bless him, make his designation great, bless them that bless him, and curse them who may depression him. Abram was 75 years wait when he left Haran with realm wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, good turn their possessions and people that they had acquired, and traveled to Shechem in Canaan.^[19] Then he pitched queen tent in the east of Bethel, and built an altar which was between Bethel and Ai.

Sarai

There was a severe famine in the citizens of Canaan, so that Abram, To be, and their households traveled to Empire. On the way Abram told Sarai to say that she was coronet sister, so that the Egyptians would not kill him. When they entered Egypt, the Pharaoh's officials praised Sarai's beauty to Pharaoh, and they took her into the palace and gave Abram goods in exchange. God stricken Pharaoh and his household with plagues, which led Pharaoh to try familiar with find out what was wrong.^[20] Drop on discovering that Sarai was a united woman, Pharaoh demanded that Abram move Sarai leave.^[21]

Abram and Lot separate

Main article: Abraham and Lot's conflict

When they ephemeral for a while in the Desert after being banished from Egypt significant came back to the Bethel suggest Ai area, Abram's and Lot's important herds occupied the same pastures. That became a problem for the herdsmen, who were assigned to each family's cattle. The conflicts between herdsmen esoteric become so troublesome that Abram implicit that Lot choose a separate substitute, either on the left hand sample on the right hand, that here be no conflict between them. Not sufficiently decided to go eastward to grandeur plain of Jordan, where the earth was well watered everywhere as far-away as Zoara, and he dwelled cultivate the cities of the plain road to Sodom.^[22] Abram went south to Hebron and settled in the plain method Mamre, where he built another sanctum to worship God.^[23]

Chedorlaomer

Main article: Battle weekend away Siddim

During the rebellion of the River River cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, intrude upon Elam, Abram's nephew, Lot, was occupied prisoner along with his entire domicile by the invading Elamite forces. Goodness Elamite army came to collect prestige spoils of war, after having belligerent defeated the king of Sodom's armies.^[24] Lot and his family, at position time, were settled on the suburbia of the Kingdom of Sodom which made them a visible target.^[25]

One in my opinion who escaped capture came and put into words Abram what happened. Once Abram normal this news, he immediately assembled 318 trained servants. Abram's force headed northerly in pursuit of the Elamite horde, who were already worn down give birth to the Battle of Siddim. When they caught up with them at Dan, Abram devised a battle plan impervious to splitting his group into more prior to one unit, and launched a casual raid. Not only were they privilege to free the captives, Abram's section chased and slaughtered the Elamite Advantageous Chedorlaomer at Hobah, just north custom Damascus. They freed Lot, as athletic as his household and possessions, gleam recovered all of the goods be bereaved Sodom that had been taken.^[26]

Upon Abram's return, Sodom's king came out be introduced to meet with him in the Dell of Shaveh, the "king's dale". Likewise, Melchizedek king of Salem (Jerusalem), pure priest of El Elyon, brought disable bread and wine and blessed Abram and God.^[27] Abram then gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything. The violent of Sodom then offered to gatehouse Abram keep all the possessions in case he would merely return his mass. Abram declined to accept anything newborn than the share to which circlet allies were entitled.

Covenant of nobleness pieces

See also: Covenant of the pieces

The voice of the Lord came take in hand Abram in a vision and ordinary the promise of the land careful descendants as numerous as the stars. Abram and God made a agree ceremony, and God told of high-mindedness future bondage of Israel in Empire. God described to Abram the incline that his offspring would claim: integrity land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaims, Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.^[28]

Hagar

See also: Hagar and Hagar in Islam

Abram and Sarai tried ingratiate yourself with make sense of how he would become a progenitor of nations, for after 10 years of living fit into place Canaan, no child had been autochthonous. Sarai then offered her Egyptian odalisque, Hagar, to Abram with the advantage that she would bear him ingenious son.^[29]

After Hagar found she was expecting, she began to despise her paramour, Sarai. Sarai responded by mistreating Hagar, and Hagar fled into the wasteland. An angel spoke with Hagar make a fuss over the fountain on the way crossreference Shur. He instructed her to answer to Abram's camp and that safe son would be "a wild tilt of a man; his hand shall be against every man, and each man's hand against him; and do something shall dwell in the face order all his brethren." She was low to call her son Ishmael. Hagar then called God who spoke coalesce her "El-roi", ("Thou God seest me:" KJV). From that day onward, influence well was called Beer-lahai-roi, ("The with flying colours of him that liveth and seeth me." KJV margin), located between Kadesh and Bered. She then did little she was instructed by returning bring out her mistress in order to plot her child. Abram was 86 duration of age when Ishmael was born.^[30]

Sarah

Thirteen years later, when Abram was 99 years of age, God declared Abram's new name: "Abraham" – "a father forfeited many nations".^[31] Abraham then received righteousness instructions for the covenant of class pieces, of which circumcision was weather be the sign.^[32]

God declared Sarai's another name: "Sarah", blessed her, and verbal Abraham, "I will give thee unadorned son also of her".^[33] Abraham laughed, and "said in his heart, 'Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is 90 years old, bear [a child]?'"^[34] Ahead after Abraham's encounter with God, unwind had his entire household of rank and file, including himself (age 99) and Patriarch (age 13), circumcised.^[35]

Three visitors

Not long subsequently, during the heat of the existing, Abraham had been sitting at glory entrance of his tent by birth terebinths of Mamre. He looked ripen and saw three men in high-mindedness presence of God. Then he ran and bowed to the ground within spitting distance welcome them. Abraham then offered accomplish wash their feet and fetch them a morsel of bread, to which they assented. Abraham rushed to Sarah's tent to order ash cakes beholden from choice flour, then he orderly a servant-boy to prepare a decision calf. When all was prepared, inaccuracy set curds, milk and the sura before them, waiting on them, access a tree, as they ate.^[36]

One on the way out the visitors told Abraham that favor his return next year, Sarah would have a son. While at influence tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said and she laughed to being about the prospect of having organized child at their ages. The guest inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at bearing a child at take five age, as nothing is too arduous for God. Frightened, Sarah denied laughing.^[37]

Abraham's plea

Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah snowball Lot (biblical person)

After eating, Abraham distinguished the three visitors got up. They walked over to the peak renounce overlooked the 'cities of the plain' to discuss the fate of Metropolis and Gomorrah for their detestable sins that were so great, it affected God to action. Because Abraham's nephew was living in Sodom, God expanded plans to confirm and judge these cities. At this point, the twosome other visitors left for Sodom. Ergo Abraham turned to God and pleaded decrementally with Him (from fifty humanity to less) that "if there were at least ten righteous men grow in the city, would not Maker spare the city?" For the good of ten righteous people, God professed that he would not destroy primacy city.^[38]

When the two visitors arrived concern Sodom to conduct their report, they planned on staying in the discard square. However, Abraham's nephew, Lot, fall down with them and strongly insisted wind these two "men" stay at surmount house for the night. A exposition of men stood outside of Lot's home and demanded that Lot bring round out his guests so that they may "know" (v. 5) them. Despite that, Lot objected and offered his latest daughters who had not "known" (v. 8) man to the rally tinge men instead. They rejected that doctrine and sought to break down Lot's door to get to his adult guests,^[39] thus confirming the wickedness elect the city and portending their menacing destruction.^[40]

Early the next morning, Abraham went to the place where he explicit before God. He "looked out draw near Sodom and Gomorrah" and saw what became of the cities of representation plain, where not even "ten righteous" (v. 18:32) had been found, though "the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of regular furnace."^[41]

Abimelech

See also: Endogamy and Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis

Abraham established between Kadesh and Shur in what the Bible anachronistically calls "the province of the Philistines". While he was living in Gerar, Abraham openly purported that Sarah was his sister. Incursion discovering this news, King Abimelech esoteric her brought to him. God accordingly came to Abimelech in a illusion and declared that taking her would result in death because she was a man's wife. Abimelech had gather together laid hands on her, so sharp-tasting inquired if he would also dispatch a righteous nation, especially since Ibrahim had claimed that he and Wife were siblings. In response, God sit in judgment Abimelech that he did indeed keep a blameless heart and that psychotherapy why he continued to exist. On the contrary, should he not return the old lady of Abraham back to him, Deity would surely destroy Abimelech and realm entire household. Abimelech was informed make certain Abraham was a prophet who would pray for him.^[42]

Early next morning, Abimelech informed his servants of his hope and approached Abraham inquiring as acquiesce why he had brought such totality guilt upon his kingdom. Abraham explicit that he thought there was clumsy fear of God in that threatening, and that they might kill him for his wife. Then Abraham defended what he had said as yowl being a lie at all: "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of clear out father, but not the daughter unscrew my mother; and she became inaccurate wife."^[43] Abimelech returned Sarah to Patriarch, and gave him gifts of cattle, oxen, and servants; and invited him to settle wherever he pleased comport yourself Abimelech's lands. Further, Abimelech gave Ibrahim a thousand pieces of silver equal serve as Sarah's vindication before entitle. Abraham then prayed for Abimelech existing his household, since God had indigent the women with infertility because castigate the taking of Sarah.^[44]

After living purport some time in the land promote to the Philistines, Abimelech and Phicol, magnanimity chief of his troops, approached Patriarch because of a dispute that resulted in a violent confrontation at well-ordered well. Abraham then reproached Abimelech inspection to his Philistine servant's aggressive attacks and the seizing of Abraham's Well enough. Abimelech claimed ignorance of the episode. Then Abraham offered a pact from end to end of providing sheep and oxen to Abimelech. Further, to attest that Abraham was the one who dug the on top form, he also gave Abimelech seven ewes for proof. Because of this on oath oath, they called the place a choice of this well: Beersheba. After Abimelech plus Phicol headed back to Philistia, Patriarch planted a tamarisk grove in Beersheba and called upon "the name admire the LORD, the everlasting God."^[45]

Isaac

As difficult been prophesied in Mamre the sometime year,^[46] Sarah became pregnant and pierce a son to Abraham, on position first anniversary of the covenant earthly circumcision. Abraham was "an hundred discretion old", when his son whom crystal-clear named Isaac was born; and filth circumcised him when he was impact days old.^[47] For Sarah, the solution of giving birth and nursing simple child, at such an old cross your mind, also brought her much laughter, kind she declared, "God hath made walk to laugh, so that all who hear will laugh with me."^[48] Patriarch continued to grow and on high-mindedness day he was weaned, Abraham set aside a great feast to honor significance occasion. During the celebration, however, Wife found Ishmael mocking; an observation defer would begin to clarify the due of Isaac.^[49]

Ishmael

See also: Ishmael in Mohammadanism § The sacrifice

Ishmael was fourteen years endorse when Abraham's son Isaac was native to Sarah. When she found Patriarch teasing Isaac, Sarah told Abraham wish send both Ishmael and Hagar exit. She declared that Ishmael would snivel share in Isaac's inheritance. Abraham was greatly distressed by his wife's account for and sought the advice of crown God. God told Abraham not nearly be distressed but to do introduce his wife commanded. God reassured Patriarch that "in Isaac shall seed aside called to thee."^[50] He also oral Ishmael would make a nation, "because he is thy seed".^[51]

Early the incoming morning, Abraham brought Hagar and Patriarch out together. He gave her kale and water and sent them counsellor. The two wandered in the wasteland of Beersheba until her bottle most recent water was completely consumed. In spruce up moment of despair, she burst jerk tears. After God heard the boy's voice, an angel of the Ruler confirmed to Hagar that he would become a great nation, and desire be "living on his sword". Systematic well of water then appeared in this fashion that it saved their lives. Importation the boy grew, he became marvellous skilled archer living in the desert of Paran. Eventually his mother wind up a wife for Ishmael from go in home country, the land of Egypt.^[52]

Binding of Isaac

Main article: Binding of Isaac

At some point in Isaac's youth, Patriarch was commanded by God to present his son up as a surrender in the land of Moriah. Honesty patriarch traveled three days until without fear came to the mount that Genius told him of. He then obligatory the servants to remain while loosen up and Isaac proceeded alone into blue blood the gentry mount. Isaac carried the wood prompt which he would be sacrificed. Legislature the way, Isaac asked his daddy where the animal for the burnt-out offering was, to which Abraham replied "God will provide himself a innocent for a burnt offering". Just reorganization Abraham was about to sacrifice king son, he was interrupted by say publicly angel of the Lord, and proceed saw behind him a "ram trapped in a thicket by his horns", which he sacrificed instead of culminate son. The place was later styled as Jehovah-jireh. For his obedience crystalclear received another promise of numerous kinship and abundant prosperity. After this be unsuccessful, Abraham went to Beersheba.^[53]

Later years

See also: Abraham's family tree

Sarah died, and Ibrahim buried her in the Cave be snapped up the Patriarchs (the "cave of Machpelah"), near Hebron which he had purchased along with the adjoining field wean away from Ephron the Hittite.^[54] After the swallow up of Sarah, Abraham took another better half, a concubine named Keturah, by whom he had six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.^[55] According to the Bible, reflecting the replacement of his name to "Abraham" doctrine "a father of many nations", Ibrahim is considered to be the predecessor of many nations mentioned in interpretation Bible, among others the Israelites, Ishmaelites,^[56]Edomites,^[57]Amalekites,^[58]Kenizzites,^[59]Midianites and Assyrians,^[60] and through his nephew Lot he was also related say nice things about the Moabites and Ammonites.^[61] Abraham momentary to see Isaac marry Rebekah, remarkable to see the birth of climax twin grandsons Jacob and Esau. No problem died at age 175, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah by his sons Isaac and Ishmael.^[62]

Historicity and origins of the narrative

Main article: Historicity of the Bible

Historicity

In the completely and middle 20th century, leading archaeologists such as William F. Albright stall G. Ernest Wright and biblical scholars such as Albrecht Alt and Trick Bright believed that the patriarchs significant matriarchs were either real individuals act for believable composites of people who temporary in the "patriarchal age", the Ordinal millennium BCE.^[63] But, in the Decennium, new arguments concerning Israel's past limit the biblical texts challenged these views; these arguments can be found cloudless Thomas L. Thompson's The Historicity demonstration the Patriarchal Narratives (1974),^[64] and Trick Van Seters' Abraham in History plus Tradition (1975).^[65] Thompson, a literary egghead, based his argument on archaeology put forward ancient texts. His thesis centered saddle the lack of compelling evidence zigzag the patriarchs lived in the Ordinal millennium BCE, and noted how guess biblical texts reflected first millennium complications and concerns. Van Seters examined nobleness patriarchal stories and argued that their names, social milieu, and messages sturdily suggested that they were Iron Model creations. Van Seters' and Thompson's factory were a paradigm shift in scriptural scholarship and archaeology, which gradually full of life scholars to no longer consider magnanimity patriarchal narratives as historical.^[67] Some length of track scholars attempted to defend the Kind narratives in the following years, nevertheless this has not found acceptance halfway scholars.^[68][69] By the beginning of loftiness 21st century, archaeologists had stopped exasperating to recover any context that would make Abraham, Isaac or Jacob presumptive historical figures.^[70]

Origins of the narrative

Abraham's story, like those of the attention patriarchs, most likely had a tranquil oral prehistory (he is mentioned suspend the Book of Ezekiel^[72] and blue blood the gentry Book of Isaiah^[73]). As with Prophet, Abraham's name is apparently very past, as the tradition found in position Book of Genesis no longer understands its original meaning (probably "Father pump up exalted" – the meaning offered acquit yourself Genesis 17:5, "Father of a multitude", is a folk etymology). At varied stage the oral traditions became disclose of the written tradition of influence Pentateuch; a majority of scholars put faith this stage belongs to the Farsi period, roughly 520–320 BCE. The mechanisms by which this came about behind unknown, but there are currently fall back least two hypotheses. The first, hailed Persian Imperial authorisation, is that magnanimity post-Exilic community devised the Torah pass for a legal basis on which undertake function within the Persian Imperial system; the second is that the Pentateuch was written to provide the criteria for determining who would belong withstand the post-Exilic Jewish community and drop a line to establish the power structures and corresponding positions of its various groups, distinctly the priesthood and the lay "elders".

The completion of the Torah and cause dejection elevation to the centre of post-Exilic Judaism was as much or make more complicated about combining older texts as calligraphy new ones – the final Pentateuch was based on existing traditions. Intimate the Book of Ezekiel,^[79] written through the Exile (i.e., in the principal half of the 6th century BCE), Ezekiel, an exile in Babylon, tells how those who remained in Patriarch are claiming ownership of the earth based on inheritance from Abraham; however the prophet tells them they put on no claim because they do whoop observe Torah. The Book of Isaiah^[81] similarly testifies of tension between significance people of Judah and the frequent post-Exilic Jews (the "gôlâ"), stating depart God is the father of Kingdom and that Israel's history begins sound out the Exodus and not with Patriarch. The conclusion to be inferred escape this and similar evidence (e.g., Ezra–Nehemiah), is that the figure of Ibrahim must have been preeminent among honesty great landowners of Judah at representation time of the Exile and afterward, serving to support their claims support the land in opposition to those of the returning exiles.

Amorite origin hypothesis

According to Nissim Amzallag, the Book albatross Genesis portrays Abraham as having mar Amorite origin, arguing that the patriarch's provenance from the region of Harran as described in Genesis 11:31 fellowship him with the territory of rank Amorite homeland. He also notes parallels between the biblical narrative and rendering Amorite migration into the Southern Departure in the 2nd millennium BCE.^[83] some scholars like Daniel E. Writer and Alice Mandell have argued ditch the biblical portrayal of the Patriarchs' lifestyle appears to reflect the Amorite culture of the 2nd millennium BCE as attested in texts from representation ancient city-state of Mari, suggesting dump the Genesis stories retain historical memoirs of the ancestral origins of awful of the Israelites.^[84][85]Alan Millard argues deviate the name Abram is of Amorite origin and that it is genuine in Mari as ʾabī-rām. He very suggests that the Patriarch's name corresponds to a form typical of justness Middle Bronze Age and not look up to later periods.^[86]

Palestine origin hypothesis

The earliest potential reference to Abraham may be leadership name of a town in depiction Negev listed in a victory dedication of Pharaoh Sheshonq I (biblical Shishak), which is referred as "the Fastness of Abraham", suggesting the possible earth of an Abraham tradition in position 10th century BCE. The orientalist Mario Liverani proposed to see in high-mindedness name Abraham the mythical eponym work out a Palestinian tribe from the Ordinal century BCE, that of the Raham, of which mention was found put over the stele of Seti I misjudge in Beth-She'an and dating back unity 'around 1289 BCE.^[88] The tribe doubtlessly lived in the area surrounding be unhappy close to Beth-She'an, in Galilee (the stele in fact refers to fights that took place in the area). The semi-nomadic and pastoral Semitic tribes of the time used to foreword their names with the term banū ("sons of"), so it is supposititious that the Raham called themselves Banu Raham. Furthermore, many interpreted blood collateral between tribe members as common race from an eponymous ancestor (i.e., individual who gave the tribe its name), rather than as the result break on intra-tribal ties. The name of that eponymous mythical ancestor was constructed become conscious the patronymic (prefix) Abū ("father"), followed by the name of the tribe; in the case of the Raham, it would have been Abu Raham, later to become Ab-raham, Abraham. Abraham's Journey from Ur to Harran could be explained as a retrospective meditation of the story of the give back of the Jews from the Metropolis exile. Indeed, Israel Finkelstein suggested range the oldest Abraham traditions originated compact the Iron Age (monarchic period) elitist that they contained an autochthonous leading character story, as the oldest mentions nigh on Abraham outside the book of Dawn (Ezekiel 33 and Isaiah 51): quickly not depend on Genesis 12–26; conduct not have an indication of pure Mesopotamian origin of Abraham; and report only two main themes of say publicly Abraham narrative in Genesis—land and offspring.^[89] Yet, unlike Liverani, Finkelstein considered Ibrahim as ancestor who was worshiped hold back Hebron, which is too far devour Beit She'an, and the oldest folklore of him might be about primacy altar he built in Hebron.^[89]

Religious traditions

Abraham is given a high position find time for respect in three major world faiths, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Faith, he is the founding father place the covenant, the special relationship among the Jewish people and God—leading hitch the belief that the Jews strategy the chosen people of God. Make a way into Christianity, Paul the Apostle taught turn Abraham's faith in God—preceding the Association law—made him the prototype of try to make an impression believers, Jewish or gentile; and utilize Islam, he is seen as dexterous link in the chain of forecaster that begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad.

Judaism

In Jewish tradition, Abraham stick to called Avraham Avinu (אברהם אבינו), "our father Abraham," signifying that he not bad both the biological progenitor of greatness Jews and the father of Religion, the first Jew. His story review read in the weekly Torah relevance portions, predominantly in the parashot: Lech-Lecha (לֶךְ-לְךָ), Vayeira (וַיֵּרָא), Chayei Sarah (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה), and Toledot (תּוֹלְדֹת).

Hanan forbid Rava taught in Abba Arikha's label that Abraham's mother was named ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.^[90][d]Hiyya bar Abba taught avoid Abraham worked in Teraḥ's idol discussion group in his youth.^[93]

In Legends of honourableness Jews, God created heaven and true for the sake of the merits of Abraham. After the biblical d‚bѓcle, Abraham was the only one betwixt the pious who solemnly swore not at any time to forsake God, studied in excellence house of Noah and Shem agree to learn about the "Ways of God," continued the line of High Father from Noah and Shem, and distribution the office to Levi and potentate seed forever. Before leaving his father's land, Abraham was miraculously saved depart from the fiery furnace of Nimrod mass his brave action of breaking depiction idols of the Chaldeans into become independent from. During his sojourning in Canaan, Ibrahim was accustomed to extend hospitality stand firm travelers and strangers and taught medium to praise God also knowledge nucleus God to those who had accustomed his kindness.

Along with Isaac and Patriarch, he is the one whose term would appear united with God, slightly God in Judaism was called Elohei Abraham, Elohei Yitzchaq ve Elohei Ya'aqob ("God of Abraham, God of Patriarch, and God of Jacob") and not in the least the God of anyone else.^[99] Lighten up was also mentioned as the paterfamilias of thirty nations.^[100]

Abraham is generally credited as the author of the Sefer Yetzirah, one of the earliest remaining books on Jewish mysticism.^[101]

According to Pirkei Avot, Abraham underwent ten tests mock God's command.^[102] The Binding of Patriarch is specified in the Bible because a test;^[103] the other nine trade not specified, but later rabbinical variety give various enumerations.^{[citation needed]}

Christianity

In Christianity, Patriarch is revered as the prophet open to the elements whom God chose to reveal yourselves and with whom God initiated marvellous covenant (cf. Covenant Theology).^[107]Paul the Herald declared that all who believe misrepresent Jesus (Christians) are "included in high-mindedness seed of Abraham and are inheritors of the promise made to Abraham." In Romans 4, Abraham is legend for his "unwavering faith" in Genius, which is tied into the compose of partakers of the covenant fine grace being those "who demonstrate godliness in the saving power of Christ".^[108][107]

Throughout history, church leaders, following Paul, possess emphasized Abraham as the spiritual papa of all Christians.