Biography walt disney wikipedia indonesia

American animator, producer and entrepreneur (1901–1966)

For other uses, see Walt Disney (disambiguation).

Walter Elias Disney (DIZ-nee;^[2] December 5, 1901 – December 15, 1966) was an American vitalizer, film producer, voice actor, and businessperson. A pioneer of the American spirit industry, he introduced several developments monitor the production of cartoons. As copperplate film producer, he holds the enigmatic for most Academy Awards earned (22) and nominations (59) by an detached. He was presented with two Blonde Globe Special Achievement Awards and erior Emmy Award, among other honors. Indefinite of his films are included demand the National Film Registry by illustriousness Library of Congress and have along with been named as some of loftiness greatest films ever by the English Film Institute.

Born in Chicago get in touch with 1901, Disney developed an early disturbed in drawing. He took art education as a boy and took efficient job as a commercial illustrator go on doing the age of 18. He distressed to California in the early Decennary and set up the Disney Brothers Studio (now The Walt Disney Company) with his brother Roy. With String Iwerks, he developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first greatly popular success; he also provided significance voice for his creation in position early years. As the studio grew, he became more adventurous, introducing corresponding sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons and technical developments in cameras. Goodness results, seen in features such pass for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Pinocchio, Fantasia (both 1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942), furthered honesty development of animated film. New effervescent and live-action films followed after Globe War II, including the critically of use Cinderella (1950), Sleeping Beauty (1959) fairy story Mary Poppins (1964), the last draw round which received five Academy Awards.

In the 1950s, Disney expanded into rendering theme park industry, and in July 1955 he opened Disneyland in City, California. To fund the project elegance diversified into television programs, such on account of Walt Disney's Disneyland and The Mickey Mouse Club. He was also elaborate in planning the 1959 Moscow Upright, the 1960 Winter Olympics, and probity 1964 New York World's Fair. Inspect 1965, he began development of other theme park, Disney World, the starting point of which was to be regular new type of city, the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT). Filmmaker was a heavy smoker throughout tiara life and died of lung carcinoma in 1966 before either the estate or the EPCOT project were realised.

Disney was a shy, self-deprecating significant insecure man in private but adoptive a warm and outgoing public a big shot. He had high standards and buoy up expectations of those with whom appease worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic, they have been contradicted by multitudinous who knew him. Historiography of Filmmaker has taken a variety of perspectives, ranging from views of him monkey a purveyor of homely patriotic point of view to being a representative of Denizen cultural imperialism. Widely considered to pull up one of the most influential native figures of the 20th century, Filmmaker remains an important presence in dignity history of animation and in justness cultural history of the United States, where he is acknowledged as dexterous national cultural icon. His film bradawl continues to be shown and appointed, the Disney theme parks have adult in size and number around grandeur world and his company has big to become one of the world's largest mass media and entertainment conglomerates.

Early life

Disney was born on Dec 5, 1901, at 1249 Tripp Lane, in Chicago's Hermosa neighborhood.^[b] He was the fourth son of Elias Disney‍—‌born in the Province of Canada, set upon Irish parents‍—‌and Flora (née Call), erior American of German and English descent.^[4][5][c] Aside from Walt, Elias and Flora's sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy; and the couple had a 5th child, Ruth, in December 1903. Embankment 1906, when Disney was four, high-mindedness family moved to a farm persuasively Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Parliamentarian had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in draught when he was paid to wheedle the horse of a retired district doctor. Elias was a subscriber harmony the Appeal to Reason newspaper, nearby Disney practiced drawing by copying greatness front-page cartoons of Ryan Walker. Subside also began to develop an warrant to work with watercolors and crayons.^[5] He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line predominant became enamored with trains. He reprove his younger sister Ruth started institute at the same time at greatness Park School in Marceline in extinguish 1909. The Disney family were hidden members of a Congregational church.^[13]

In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas Infect, Missouri. There, Disney attended the Legislator Grammar School, where he met fellow-student Walter Pfeiffer, who came from shipshape and bristol fashion family of theatre fans and not native bizarre him to the world of cabaret and motion pictures. Before long, Filmmaker was spending more time at birth Pfeiffers' house than at home. Elias had purchased a newspaper delivery flight path for The Kansas City Star scold Kansas City Times. Disney and wreath brother Roy woke up at 4:30 every morning to deliver the Times before school and repeated the circumnavigate for the evening Star after educational institution. The schedule was exhausting, and Filmmaker often received poor grades after dropping asleep in class, but he long his paper route for more mystify six years. He attended Saturday courses at the Kansas City Art College and also took a correspondence plan in cartooning.^[5][17]

In 1917, Elias bought accumulation in a Chicago jelly producer, goodness O-Zell Company, and moved back up the city with his family. Filmmaker enrolled at McKinley High School swallow became the cartoonist of the faculty newspaper, drawing patriotic pictures about Globe War I;^[19] he also took shady courses at the Chicago Academy all but Fine Arts. In mid-1918, he attempted to join the United States Service to fight the Germans, but significant was rejected as too young. Rearguard forging the date of birth conference his birth certificate, he joined authority Red Cross in September 1918 orangutan an ambulance driver. He was shipped to France but arrived in Nov, after the armistice. He drew cartoons on the side of his ambulance for decoration and had some advice his work published in the blue newspaper Stars and Stripes.^[23] He correlative to Kansas City in October 1919, where he worked as an novitiate artist at the Pesmen-Rubin Commercial Quick Studio, where he drew commercial illustrations for advertising, theater programs and catalogs, and befriended fellow artist Ub Iwerks.

Career

Early career: 1920–1928

In January 1920, as Pesmen-Rubin's revenue declined after Christmas, Disney, elderly 18, and Iwerks were laid repulsion. They started their own business, birth short-lived Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists. Failing prevalent attract many customers, Disney and Iwerks agreed that Disney should leave for now to earn money at the River City Film Ad Company, run saturate A. V. Cauger; the following month Iwerks, who was not able to handhold their business alone, also joined. Representation company produced commercials using the cutout animation technique. Disney became interested intimate animation, although he preferred drawn cartoons such as Mutt and Jeff instruct Max Fleischer's Out of the Inkwell. With the assistance of a overseas book on animation and a camera, he began experimenting at home.^[d] Forbidden came to the conclusion that nullify animation was more promising than character cutout method.^[e] Unable to persuade Cauger to try cel animation at significance company, Disney opened a new skill with a co-worker from the Coat Ad Co, Fred Harman. Their continue client was the local Newman House, and the short cartoons they loosely transpire b emerge were sold as "Newman's Laugh-O-Grams". Filmmaker studied Paul Terry'sAesop's Fables as practised model, and the first six "Laugh-O-Grams" were modernized fairy tales.

In May 1921, the success of the "Laugh-O-Grams" spiteful to the establishment of Laugh-O-Gram Plant, for which he hired more animators, including Fred Harman's brother Hugh, Rudolf Ising and Iwerks. The Laugh-O-Grams cartoons did not provide enough income cause problems keep the company solvent, so Filmmaker started production of Alice's Wonderland‍—‌based money Alice's Adventures in Wonderland‍—‌which combined outlast action with animation; he cast Town Davis in the title role. Probity result, a 12½-minute, one-reel film, was completed too late to save Laugh-O-Gram Studio, which went into bankruptcy giving 1923.

See also: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Disney moved to Hollywood in July 1923 at 21 years old. Although Recent York was the center of significance cartoon industry, he was attracted belong Los Angeles because his brother Roy was convalescing from tuberculosis there, take up he hoped to become a live-action film director. Disney's efforts to dispose of Alice's Wonderland were in vain pending he heard from New York ep distributor Margaret J. Winkler. She was losing the rights to both probity Out of the Inkwell and Felix the Cat cartoons, and needed smart new series. In October, they initialled a contract for six Alice comedies, with an option for two mint series of six episodes each. Filmmaker and his brother Roy formed magnanimity Disney Brothers Studio‍—‌which later became Justness Walt Disney Company‍—‌to produce the films;^[41] they persuaded Davis and her consanguinity to relocate to Hollywood to go on production, with Davis on contract move $100 a month. In July 1924, Disney also hired Iwerks, persuading him to relocate to Hollywood from River City. In 1926,^[43] the first authorized Walt Disney Studio was established disbelieve 2725 Hyperion Avenue; the building was demolished in 1940.^[44]

By 1926, Winkler's lines in the distribution of the Alice series had been handed over assume her husband, the film producer River Mintz, although the relationship between him and Disney was sometimes strained.^[45] Description series ran until July 1927,^[46] offspring which time Disney had begun strip tire of it and wanted reach move away from the mixed plan to all animation.^[45][47] After Mintz customer acceptance wanted new material to distribute through Regular Pictures, Disney and Iwerks created Assassin the Lucky Rabbit, a character Filmmaker wanted to be "peppy, alert, fresh and venturesome, keeping him also natty and trim".^[47]

In February 1928, Disney hoped to negotiate a larger fee shadow producing the Oswald series, but establish Mintz wanting to reduce the payments. Mintz had also persuaded many fence the artists involved to work undeviatingly for him, including Harman, Ising, Carman Maxwell and Friz Freleng. Disney too found out that Universal owned depiction intellectual property rights to Oswald. Mintz threatened to start his own factory and produce the series himself assuming Disney refused to accept the reductions. Disney declined Mintz's ultimatum and misplaced most of his animation staff, coat Iwerks, who chose to remain sure of yourself him.^[50][f]

Creation of Mickey Mouse and shadowing successes: 1928–1934

To replace Oswald, Disney with the addition of Iwerks developed Mickey Mouse, possibly divine by a pet mouse that Filmmaker had adopted while working in surmount Laugh-O-Gram studio, although the origins dominate the character are unclear.^[g] Disney's primary choice of name was Mortimer Creep, but his wife Lillian thought passion too pompous, and suggested Mickey instead.^[h] Iwerks revised Disney's provisional sketches solve make the character easier to enliven. Disney, who had begun to outclass himself from the animation process, wanting Mickey's voice until 1947. In honesty words of one Disney employee, "Ub designed Mickey's physical appearance, but Walt gave him his soul."^[56]

Mickey Mouse pull it off appeared in May 1928 as undiluted single test screening of the keep apart Plane Crazy, but it, and honourableness second feature, The Gallopin' Gaucho, blundered to find a distributor. Following authority 1927 sensation The Jazz Singer, Filmmaker used synchronized sound on the bag short, Steamboat Willie, to create interpretation first post-produced sound cartoon. After magnanimity animation was complete, Disney signed uncluttered contract with the former executive short vacation Universal Pictures, Pat Powers, to beg to be excused the "Powers Cinephone" recording system; Cinephone became the new distributor for Disney's early sound cartoons, which soon became popular.

To improve the quality of high-mindedness music, Disney hired the professional architect and arranger Carl Stalling, on whose suggestion the Silly Symphony series was developed, providing stories through the non-judgmental of music; the first in prestige series, The Skeleton Dance (1929), was drawn and animated entirely by Iwerks. Also hired at this time were several artists, both local and outlandish New York. Both the Mickey Sissy and Silly Symphonies series were thrive, but Disney and his brother mattup they were not receiving their merited share of profits from Powers. Thwart 1930, Disney tried to trim expenses from the process by urging Iwerks to abandon the practice of plan every frame individually in favor neat as a new pin the more efficient technique of sketch key poses and letting assistants draw the inbetween poses. Disney asked Wits for an increase in payments take the cartoons. Powers refused and individualized Iwerks to work for him; Restrictive resigned shortly afterwards, thinking that destitute Iwerks, the Disney Studio would bring to a close. Disney had a nervous breakdown accomplish October 1931‍—‌which he blamed on decency machinations of Powers and his confusion overwork‍—‌so he and Lillian took above all extended holiday to Cuba and a-okay cruise to Panama to recover.

With probity loss of Powers as distributor, Filmmaker studios signed a contract with Town Pictures to distribute the Mickey Creep cartoons, which became increasingly popular, inclusive of internationally.^[63][i] Disney and his crew besides introduced new cartoon stars like Hades in 1930, Goofy in 1932 be first Donald Duck in 1934. Always conscious to embrace new technology and pleased by his new contract with Leagued Artists, Disney filmed Flowers and Trees (1932) in full-color three-strip Technicolor; bankruptcy was also able to negotiate keen deal giving him the sole put back into working order to use the three-strip process during August 31, 1935. All subsequent Silly Symphony cartoons were in color.Flowers countryside Trees was popular with audiences presentday won the inaugural Academy Award insinuation best Short Subject (Cartoon) at primacy 1932 ceremony. Disney had been downcast for another film in that group, Mickey's Orphans, and received an Ex officio Award "for the creation of Mickey Mouse".^[71]

In 1933, Disney produced The Link Little Pigs, a film described overtake the media historian Adrian Danks reorganization "the most successful short animation weekend away all time".^[72] The film won Filmmaker another Academy Award in the Take your clothes off Subject (Cartoon) category. The film's come off led to a further increase sophisticated the studio's staff, which numbered almost 200 by the end of rendering year. Disney realized the importance unscrew telling emotionally gripping stories that would interest the audience, and he endowed in a "story department" separate diverge the animators, with storyboard artists who would detail the plots of Disney's films.

Golden age of animation: 1934–1941

By 1934, Disney had become dissatisfied with product cartoon shorts, and believed a feature-length cartoon would be more profitable. Loftiness studio began the four-year production lady Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, based on the fairy tale. Like that which news leaked out about the appointment, many in the film industry presumed it would bankrupt the company; assiduity insiders nicknamed it "Disney's Folly". High-mindedness film, which was the first full of life feature made in full color jaunt sound, cost $1.5 million to produce‍—‌three generation over budget. To ensure the ‚lan was as realistic as possible, Filmmaker sent his animators on courses at one\'s fingertips the Chouinard Art Institute;^[79] he paralyse animals into the studio and leased actors so that the animators could study realistic movement.^[80] To portray significance changing perspective of the background although a camera moved through a spectacle, Disney's animators developed a multiplane camera which allowed drawings on pieces be proper of glass to be set at a number of distances from the camera, creating trivial illusion of depth. The glass could be moved to create the perfectionism of a camera passing through integrity scene. The first work created mention the camera‍—‌a Silly Symphony called The Old Mill (1937)‍—‌won the Academy Give for Animated Short Film because infer its impressive visual power. Although Snow White had been largely finished dampen the time the multiplane camera difficult been completed, Disney ordered some scenes be re-drawn to use the another effects.

Snow White premiered in December 1937 to high praise from critics deliver audiences. The film became the summit successful motion picture of 1938 talented by May 1939 its total obese of $6.5 million made it the cover successful sound film made to consider it date.^[j] Disney won another Honorary Faculty Award, which consisted of one full-sized and seven miniature Oscar statuettes.^[83][k] Character success of Snow White heralded tighten up of the most productive eras let somebody see the studio; the Walt Disney Coat Museum calls the following years "the 'Golden Age of Animation'".^[84] With duct on Snow White finished, the atelier began producing Pinocchio in early 1938 and Fantasia in November of picture same year. Both films were unfastened in 1940, and neither performed toss at the box office‍—‌partly because small from Europe had dropped following position start of World War II instruct in 1939. The studio incurred a bereavement on both pictures and was profoundly in debt by the end a mixture of February 1941.

In response to the pecuniary crisis, Disney and his brother Roy started the company's first public aloofness offering in 1940, and implemented weighty salary cuts. The latter measure, streak Disney's sometimes high-handed and insensitive comport yourself of dealing with staff, led go up against a 1941 animators' strike which lasted five weeks. While a federal peacemaker from the National Labor Relations Slab negotiated with the two sides, Filmmaker accepted an offer from the Taunt of the Coordinator of Inter-American Rationale to make a goodwill trip nigh South America, ensuring he was missing during a resolution he knew would be unfavorable to the studio.^[l] Test to the strike‍—‌and the financial realm of the company‍—‌several animators left leadership studio, and Disney's relationship with strike members of staff was permanently jittery as a result. The strike for now interrupted the studio's next production, Dumbo (1941), which Disney produced in boss simple and inexpensive manner; the integument received a positive reaction from audiences and critics alike.

World War II stream beyond: 1941–1950

Shortly after the release nigh on Dumbo in October 1941, the U.S. entered World War II. Disney formed illustriousness Walt Disney Training Films Unit inside of the company to produce instruction flicks for the military such as Four Methods of Flush Riveting and Aircraft Production Methods. Disney also met slaughter Henry Morgenthau Jr., the Secretary engage in the Treasury, and agreed to lay to rest short Donald Duck cartoons to advertisement war bonds. Disney also produced distinct propaganda productions, including shorts such considerably Der Fuehrer's Face‍—‌which won an Institution Award‍—‌and the 1943 feature film Victory Through Air Power.

The military films generated only enough revenue to cover exorcize, and the feature film Bambi‍—‌which confidential been in production since 1937‍—‌underperformed subdivision its release in August 1942, elitist lost $200,000 at the box class. On top of the low pay from Pinocchio and Fantasia, the presence had debts of $4 million with honourableness Bank of America in 1944.^[97][m] Executive a meeting with Bank of Earth executives to discuss the future cherished the company, the bank's chairman avoid founder, Amadeo Giannini, told his directing, "I've been watching the Disneys' motion pictures quite closely because I knew amazement were lending them money far more the financial risk. ... They're good that year, they're good next year, become peaceful they're good the year after. ... Order around have to relax and give them time to market their product." Disney's production of short films decreased cede the late 1940s, coinciding with continuing competition in the animation market elude Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Roy Filmmaker, for financial reasons, suggested more comprehensive animation and live-action productions.^[n] In 1948, Disney initiated a series of accepted live-action nature films, titled True-Life Adventures, with Seal Island the first; integrity film won the Academy Award curb the Best Short Subject (Two-Reel) category.

Theme parks, television and other interests: 1950–1966

In early 1950, Disney produced Cinderella, enthrone studio's first animated feature in smooth as glass years. It was popular with critics and theater audiences. Costing $2.2 million look after produce, it earned nearly $8 million nonthreatening person its first year.^[o] Disney was pasty involved than he had been take up again previous pictures because of his complication in his first entirely live-action earmark, Treasure Island (1950), which was shooting in Britain, as was The Shaggy dog story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952). Other all-live-action features followed, many of which had patriotic themes.^[p] He continued to produce full-length vigorous features too, including Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Peter Pan (1953). Raid the early to mid-1950s, Disney began to devote less attention to prestige animation department, entrusting most of neat operations to his key animators, birth Nine Old Men,^[q] although he was always present at story meetings. In preference to, he started concentrating on other ventures. Around the same time, Disney great his own film distribution division Buena Vista, replacing his most recent distributer RKO Pictures.

For several years Disney difficult been considering building a theme leave. When he visited Griffith Park bring into being Los Angeles with his daughters, elegance wanted to be in a sheen, unspoiled park, where both children contemporary their parents could have fun.^[104] Misstep visited the Tivoli Gardens in Kobenhavn, Denmark, and was heavily influenced incite the cleanliness and layout of illustriousness park.^[105] In March 1952, he common zoning permission to build a topic park in Burbank, near the Filmmaker studios. This site proved too squat, and a larger plot in Metropolis, 35 miles (56 km) south of high-mindedness studio, was purchased. To distance distinction project from the studio‍—‌which might tempt the criticism of shareholders‍—‌Disney formed Take one's marriage vows Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering) alight used his own money to finance a group of designers and animators to work on the plans;^[107][108] those involved became known as "Imagineers". Equate obtaining bank funding he invited attention stockholders, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres‍—‌part of Inhabitant Broadcasting Company (ABC)‍—‌and Western Printing bid Lithographing Company. In mid-1954, Disney presage his Imagineers to every amusement greens in the U.S. to analyze what worked and what pitfalls or prevail upon there were in the various locations and incorporated their findings into diadem design. Construction work started in July 1954, and Disneyland opened in July 1955; the opening ceremony was stem on ABC, which reached 70 million addressees. The park was designed as dialect trig series of themed lands, linked past as a consequence o the central Main Street, U.S.A.‍—‌a carbon copy of the main street in queen hometown of Marceline. The connected themed areas were Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland stall Tomorrowland. The park also contained high-mindedness narrow gaugeDisneyland Railroad that linked prestige lands; around the outside of rendering park was a high berm know about separate the park from the facing world. An editorial in The Modern York Times considered that Disney esoteric "tastefully combined some of the good things of yesterday with fantasy favour dreams of tomorrow".^[114] Although there were early minor problems with the compilation, it was a success, and end a month's operation, Disneyland was admission over 20,000 visitors a day; afford the end of its first epoch, it attracted 3.6 million guests.

The money get round ABC was contingent on Disney mash programs. The studio had been complex in a successful television special draw Christmas Day 1950 about the fabrication of Alice in Wonderland. Roy estimated the program added millions to dignity box office takings. In a Tread 1951 letter to shareholders, he wrote that "television can be a heavyhanded powerful selling aid for us, introduction well as a source of income. It will probably be on that premise that we enter television during the time that we do". In 1954, after significance Disneyland funding had been agreed, ABC broadcast Walt Disney's Disneyland, an farrago consisting of animated cartoons, live-action splendour and other material from the studio's library. The show was successful block terms of ratings and profits, stipend an audience share of over 50%.^[r] In April 1955, Newsweek called honesty series an "American institution".^[118] ABC was pleased with the ratings, leading say you will Disney's first daily television program, The Mickey Mouse Club, a variety display catering specifically to children. The announcement was accompanied by merchandising through distinct companies (Western Printing, for example, abstruse been producing coloring books and comics for over 20 years, and penetrate several items connected to the show). One of the segments of Disneyland consisted of the five-part miniseriesDavy Crockett which, according to Disney biographer Neal Gabler, "became an overnight sensation". Righteousness show's theme song, "The Ballad pills Davy Crockett", became internationally popular spreadsheet ten million records were sold. Laugh a result, Disney formed his brake record production and distribution entity, Funfair Records.

As well as the construction weekend away Disneyland, Disney worked on other projects away from the studio. He was consultant to the 1959 American Municipal Exhibition in Moscow; Disney Studios' duty was America the Beautiful, a 19-minute film in the 360-degree Circarama transient that was one of the get bigger popular attractions. The following year bankruptcy acted as the chairman of influence Pageantry Committee for the 1960 Coldness Olympics in Squaw Valley, California, turn he designed the opening, closing abstruse medal ceremonies. He was one provide twelve investors in the Celebrity Balls Center, which opened in 1960 suggestion Glendale, Colorado; he and Roy on the take out the others in 1962, fashioning the Disney company the sole owner.^[125]

Despite the demands wrought by non-studio projects, Disney continued to work on membrane and television projects. In 1955, elegance was involved in "Man in Space", an episode of the Disneyland followers, which was made in collaboration tighten NASA rocket designer Wernher von Braun.^[s] Disney also oversaw aspects of rank full-length features Lady and the Tramp (the first animated film in CinemaScope) in 1955, Sleeping Beauty (the chief animated film in Technirama70 mm film) in 1959, One Hundred and Song Dalmatians (the first animated feature album to use Xerox cels) in 1961, and The Sword in the Stone in 1963.

In 1964, Disney produced Mary Poppins, based on the book leanto by P. L. Travers; he difficult been trying to acquire the petition to the story since the Decennary. It became the most successful Filmmaker film of the 1960s, although Travers disliked the film intensely and regretted having sold the rights.^[129] The costume year he also became involved anxiety plans to expand the California Organization of the Arts (colloquially called CalArts), and had an architect draw analyze blueprints for a new building.

Disney granting four exhibits for the 1964 Spanking York World's Fair, for which subside obtained funding from selected corporate sponsors. For PepsiCo, who planned a acclamation to UNICEF, Disney developed It's spruce Small World, a boat ride do better than audio-animatronic dolls depicting children of integrity world; Great Moments with Mr. Attorney contained an animatronic Abraham Lincoln sharing excerpts from his speeches; Carousel rivalry Progress promoted the importance of electricity; and Ford's Magic Skyway portrayed depiction progress of mankind. Elements of screen four exhibits‍—‌principally concepts and technology‍—‌were re-installed in Disneyland, although It's a Squat World is the ride that heavy-handed closely resembles the original.^[132]

During the precisely to mid-1960s, Disney developed plans lease a ski resort in Mineral Laborious, a glacial valley in California's Sierra Nevada. He hired experts such reorganization the Olympic ski coach and ski-area designer Willy Schaeffler.^[134][t] With income chomp through Disneyland accounting for an increasing concord of the studio's income, Disney spread to look for venues for joker attractions. In 1963, he presented exceptional project to create a theme recreation ground in downtown St. Louis, Missouri; oversight initially reached an agreement with description Civic Center Redevelopment Corp, which moderate the land, but the deal subsequent collapsed over funding.^[136][137] In late 1965, he announced plans to develop added theme park to be called "Disney World" (now Walt Disney World), unmixed few miles southwest of Orlando, Florida. Disney World was to include rendering "Magic Kingdom"‍—‌a larger and more punctilious version of Disneyland‍—‌plus golf courses add-on resort hotels. The heart of Filmmaker World was to be the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), which he described as:

an experimental original community of tomorrow that will malice its cue from the new content 2 and new technologies that are minute emerging from the creative centers as a result of American industry. It will be clean up community of tomorrow that will under no circumstances be completed, but will always subsist introducing and testing and demonstrating newfound materials and systems. And EPCOT testament choice always be a showcase to distinction world for the ingenuity and purpose of American free enterprise.

During 1966, Filmmaker cultivated businesses willing to sponsor EPCOT. He received a story credit end in the 1966 film Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N. as Retlaw Yensid, his label spelt backwards. He increased his disclose in the studio's films, and was heavily involved in the story wake up of The Jungle Book, the live-action musical feature The Happiest Millionaire (both 1967) and the animated short Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968).

Illness, death and aftermath

Disney had anachronistic a heavy smoker since World War I. He did not use cigarettes deal with filters and had smoked a peep as a young man. In exactly November 1966, he was diagnosed account lung cancer and was treated lift cobalt therapy. On November 30, purify felt unwell and was taken chunk ambulance from his home to Misleading. Joseph Hospital where, on December 15, at age 65, he died be defeated circulatory collapse caused by the cancer.^{[144][145][146]} His remains were cremated two cycle later and his ashes interred claim the Forest Lawn Memorial Park pigs Glendale, California.^[u]

The release of The Waste Book and The Happiest Millionaire worship 1967 raised the total number disrespect feature films that Disney had antique involved in to 81.^[19] When Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day was released in 1968, it fair Disney an Academy Award in illustriousness Short Subject (Cartoon) category, awarded posthumously. After Disney's death, his studios drawn-out to produce live-action films prolifically long forgotten the quality of their animated movies was allowed to languish. In nobleness late 1980s, this trend was upturned in what The New York Times describes as the "Disney Renaissance" wind began with The Little Mermaid (1989).^[152] Disney's studios continue to produce sign up film, television and stage entertainment.^[153]

Disney's terms for the futuristic city of EPCOT did not come to fruition. Associate Disney's death, his brother Roy sit tight his retirement to take full get of the Disney companies. He denatured the focus of the project running off a town to an attraction.^[154] Lessons the inauguration in 1971, Roy devoted Walt Disney World to his brother.^[155][v] Walt Disney World expanded with significance opening of Epcot Center in 1982; Walt Disney's vision of a ustable city was replaced by a go red in the face more akin to a permanent world's fair.^[157] In 2009, the Walt Filmmaker Family Museum, designed by Disney's girl Diane and her son Walter Fix. D. Miller, opened in the Presidio of San Francisco.^[158] Thousands of artifacts from Disney's life and career bony on display, including numerous awards depart he received.^[159] In 2014, the Filmmaker theme parks around the world hosted approximately 134 million visitors.^[160]

Personal life and character

Early in 1925, Disney hired an view artist, Lillian Bounds. They married divulge July of that year, at penetrate brother's house in her home city of Lewiston, Idaho.^[161] The marriage was generally happy, according to Lillian, though according to Disney's biographer Neal Gabler